A Strategic Approach to Tackling VAT Losses Case Study

A Strategic Approach to Tackling VAT Losses - Case Study Example That implies you don't need to stress over bringing in them. You likewise needn't bother with archives which are fundamental for bringing in merchandise. These reasons are sufficient for you to acknowledge the proposition given to you. However, before reaching any resolution let me alert you that there can be a few confinements in the proposition which should be dealt with. The most significant impediment in your method of tolerating the proposition can be what is named as the 'merry go round' or 'missing dealer extortion'. Presently what is this 'merry go round' or 'missing dealer misrepresentation' about For clarifying this, we have to expound further the show 1. We will get an alternate picture which is appeared in display 2(Andy Leggett, 2006) given beneath. The MTIC misrepresentation is clarified underneath for your benefit. Before I can disclose to you something about merry go round misrepresentation and its different ramifications, let us view missing broker intra network (MTIC) extortion since merry go round extortion is a kind of MTIC misrepresentation. In MTIC extortion, a merchant imports merchandise to one state (say UK) from EU part states without paying VAT and offers these products to other broker after which the principal dealer disappears. The main dealer, be that as it may, needs to pay the VAT. This kind of VAT extortion was featured in November 2001 in the HM Treasury and HM Customs and Excise paper, Tackling Indirect Tax Fraud, Display 2 that was distributed as a major aspect of the 2001 Pre-Budget Report. In this paper, MTIC extortion was depicted as follows: Tank intra-Community missing broker misrepresentation is an efficient criminal assault on the VAT framework, which has been identified in numerous EU Member States. Basically, fraudsters get VAT enrollment to get merchandise VAT liberated from other Member States. They at that point sell on the merchandise at VAT comprehensive costs and vanish without paying over the VAT paid by their clients to the duty specialists. The misrepresentation is generally completed rapidly; with the fraudsters vanishing when the expense specialists line up the enlistment with their standard confirmation exercises. Therefore in this kind of misrepresentation, a broker can vanish without any problem without paying VAT which implies a misfortune for the states' economy. This reality is appeared in the display 2 beneath. In this show it tends to be seen that there is an assessment loss of 157,500 due to non installment of VAT by Trader B. One significant thing to be referenced here is that Intra-EU exchanges products insights depend on the VAT structures which are a right record of exchange exchanges. MTIC misrepresentation influences the estimation of exchange products through the job of the missing broker. There are two sorts of MTIC extortion. These are procurement extortion and merry go round misrepresentation. Procurement extortion is the place the merchandise are imported from the EU into the UK by a dealer who at that point disappears without finishing a VAT return or Intrastat revelation. The 'missing merchant' thusly has a VAT free flexibly of products, as they make no installment of the VAT monies due on the merchandise. He offers the merchandise to a purchaser in the UK

Schoolhouse Lane Estates - Development and Industry Maturation of Wine Term Paper

School building Lane Estates - Development and Industry Maturation of Winery - Term Paper Example The interest in the long run developed thus Jan chose to work her own winery. In the long run, Jan turned into a pleased winery proprietor as what she imagined about. The business kept on working and from that point forward Jan had the option to experience development of her business at the nearby wine markets, for example, wholesalers, retailers, cafés and food providers. School building Lane’s items brought about net developing incomes. Alongside its development comes the expansion on costs, for example, on deals and showcasing and in the end the spiraling development of inventories thinking about that red wines and red wine mixes would require an extensive stretch of time for maturing in oak barrels. In the end, Schoolhouse Lane Estates winery is a developing organization and is thinking about fast extension to the extent there is proceeded with help for its items in the nearby markets. The case begins with the organization history. There is significant proof introduced about the winery and its advancement which was principally gone back to Long Island’s Wine Industry during the 1970s. There are likewise generous information on Schoolhouse Lane Estates in accordance with its pay explanations, accounting reports, and proclamation of income from 1999 to 2003. The case likewise refered to the data on ongoing turn of events and industry development of winery, the wine creation in the United States, the changing elements of the US wine advertise, the opposition in question and explicit courses of activities made by Jan so as to proceed to work and grow its business. Plainly the degree of examinations that must be associated with the case are consolidated Level 1 (Industry Issues) and Level 2 (Organization Issues) taking into account that the interest for wines diminishes across California while selling high and in the long run more sections of land of land were changed over into natural product trees. This brought about a few wineries failed. Then again, Jan wanted to buy another section of land of land for her wineryâ expansion yet thinking about the Industry’s current pattern; it would be an issue on her part to search for wellsprings of working capital to the extent her money related choices are concerned.â

Ways to Effectively Set Management Expectations

Ways to Effectively Set Management Expectations © Shutterstock.com | vchalIn this article, you will learn about the topic of expectation management. Starting with 1) an introduction, we will deep dive into 2) the types of expectations, 3) what an expectation gap is, 4) how to generally manage expectations, 5) setting goals and expectations from your team, 6) pitfalls of not setting expectations, and 7) a conclusion.INTRODUCTIONWhen working on a project, one of the most important aspect of it is managing the project so that it is completed in time while there are few if any problems that can affect it. Theoretically, it may seem that a project may not have any problems, but practically, there is always some cog in the wheel or the other that needs to be dealt with effectively to bring the project to its conclusion without much loss of time or money. One of the basic elements of project management is setting expectations from the employees regarding operation and delivery of the project. It is imperative that the project is properl y planned before employees can be told of what they are expected to deliver. Sadly, there are few managers who plan each stage of a project properly and supply their team with a clear guideline regarding major project management issues. It is to their advantage if clear instructions and line of communication is maintained with the team.TYPES OF EXPECTATIONSExpectations are personal parameters set by people according to their own perceptions. Expectations can be of many different type. Expectations can be said to have two different aspect, which are content and level. On the content aspect, expectations can be classified as:Interpersonal expectations: Sometimes the relationship between the producers and customers can affect expectations. How the two involved parties interact and perceive each other defines expectation and changes it.Technological expectations: These expectations are based on the technical aspect of a project and could change due to any variations in the technology, q uality standards, or other such changes.Situational expectations: These are based upon the situation for each customer and what they expected out of the product. Since the situation of each customer and the aim behind the purchase may be different, hence the expectations can also change accordingly.Static or dynamic performance expectations: These are based upon the quality and performance of the end product in a particular application. How the product can be changed, adapted, or customized and a host of other parameters. It also depends upon the how the product or the service changes, improves or evolves over a period of time.The expectations at the content level are related to the interaction between the management and the team that is delivering the project and are concerned with the nature of the job or its current position.According to the level aspect, the expectations can fall into any one of the following types:Realistic: When expectations are set within reasonable limits an d can possibly be fulfilled by putting in some effort they are said to be within realistic limits and possible.Unrealistic: When people expect impossible results, which cannot be achieved by any amount of effort, then the expectation is said to be unrealistic.Fuzzy: When people expect some result but are unsure of it, then it is called fuzzy expectation.Implicit: When people have an idea of what they want but do not know how to go about achieving it nor have a clear end result in sight, the expectation is said to be implicit.Explicit: People with clear vision of what they want have an explicit expectation. They are aware of what they want, the end result and how it can be achieved.WHAT IS AN EXPECTATION GAP?The perceived success or failure of a project depends largely upon the people who manage the project and their expectations of it. Some projects may be deemed a success even if they did not meet all the goals, while others may be marked as a failure despite all the goals of time, budget and completion being met. This happens because the expectations of the management for the first project were realistic and within bounds, while those of the second project were unrealistic and thus disappointed the management or stakeholders of the project.Expectations are expected bonus as perceived by the beneficiaries or stakeholders of the project. If the expectations are not managed properly, they can lead to an expectation gap which is greater than the gap between delivered value and perceived value. Expectation values tend to fluctuate up or down, generally in response to some event. When the expected value is greater than the delivered value, then we have an expectation gap. It is then imperative that the expectations be managed to reduce the expectation gap. This can be managed through proper feedback and communication.HOW TO GENERALLY MANAGE EXPECTATIONSWhen planning projects, it is hard to anticipate and prepare for all eventualities that may occur during the proj ect. This means constantly changing requirements and unforeseen additions or deletions. Managing these eventualities is the greatest challenge of any project manager as they can affect management expectations and create an expectation gap. The expectations can be of many different types. Each type of expectation has to be handled in a different way.Set initial expectations as early as possibleIn order to deal with unplanned events, it is important that the project managers set management expectations at the stage of planning itself. It is essential to plan the project in minutest details and to get approval for all the goals and achievements of the project and its various stages. For a manager it means having a full understanding of the project and all its various requirements. Managing the performance of the various teams and reporting is an essential part of this process and should be dealt with very carefully and in detail. Communication channels need to be established and respon sibilities fixed to ensure that there is accountability in the process. All the performance goals and management expectations should be discussed at length and determined before the commencement of the project.Be very honest and very clearUnderstanding what is required and expected of you is essential for managing expectations. Do not assume that you and your boss are essentially speaking the same language. Most often they are not and this leads to confusion and delays. So you must ensure that you understand all the responsibilities, priorities and what needs to be done to mark the project as a success. Be honest about the deliverability of the expectations. If you feel the expectations are too high, do speak up and negotiate to have more realistic expectations.Communicate to provide an update of any changesUnderstanding and clarity are just the initial stages of the process of communication. The communication channel needs to be maintained throughout the duration of the project. Th is will present you with the chance to measure performance and progress, have a risk assessment and readjust your approach to align with the goal.Under-promise and over-deliverThis is a good strategy to keep expectations under check. Agree to goals that you can easily achieve without much effort, even though you know that you can deliver a lot more than you are promising. This will be to your advantage when you finally deliver more than you had promised.Dont over-manage expectationsOne can often go too far out to manage expectations. Don’t stress yourself out over what other people’s expectations are from you. Each person has his own expectations and you cannot deliver to all. So concentrate on what you can deliver and get the management see your point of view and set their expectation at a realistic level. Your biggest stumbling block is you yourself. So keep your own expectations under check.SETTING GOALS AND EXPECTATIONS FROM YOUR TEAMGoal setting is one of the prerequisites of good management. Each project is a team effort and each member of the team needs to know what is expected of them and what they need to deliver to complete the project in time, within budget and successfully. Goal setting is not a onetime thing. It is a dynamic process that changes according to the present circumstances, hence the management needs to keep its expectations from the team realistic and flexible within a limit. Goal setting helps an employees to know what is required of them and what they have to achieve in order to deliver their part of the whole.Setting and managing goals depends to a large degree on the culture and policies of an organization. The implementation and monitoring process varies from one organization to another. The major points that set management expectations include budget, scope and schedule. None of these points can be guaranteed to be exactly as planned and hence, a degree of change factor should be allowed when setting expectations. Goal settin g is a trying process and should be handled carefully. If the goals do not match expectation, there is trouble for all. In order to match the set expectations with achievable goals, a manager needs to pay attention to the following:Planning properly: As already discussed above, planning is the most important factor in setting expectations. It is often seen that expectations are set by people who do not have a grasp on ground realities and hence the problems that may crop up to complete the project. So it is essential to plan and set up the most important milestones that are acceptable to everyone. This requires that schedules have to be made and work listed and distributed to the various teams.Set out the objectives: When the objective that have to be achieved are known, it is easier to set directions and effectively complete them. In order to facilitate this, the manager must know all the goals and objectives of the project and communicate the same to his team that will eventually be executing the work. One aspect of this is to be very clear in what you want delivered and when.Give a final date of completion: Always communicate the final date by which the project has to be completed. This again helps in streamlining the work priorities and gives the team a clear understanding of what is to be completed and by when. If the project is phased, then give a date or time frame within which each phase has to be completed to avoid delays and tailbacks later in the project.Set guidelines for authority: Set authority hierarchy early on in the project so everyone knows who is reporting to whom and what. It is essential to have this sorted so that in case spot decisions have to be taken, which could possibly derail or delay the project, then they can be taken without delay. It keeps the work streamlined as everyone knows who is responsible for what and take their responsibilities seriously. It also helps with accountability. There is less scope for passing the buck when there is clear hierarchy. The authority in case of each team member should be defined in terms of independence of decision taking, spending, and leading the team.Communicate priorities: Communicate the priorities of the project to the team so that they are aware of what needs to be done when. Ensure that level of effort and return on investment are the top priority for the project and each member of the team should be aware of this. Constantly review your list of priorities and adjust it according to the situation on the ground. Having regular review meetings help to communicate the priorities to each member and also empowers them.Setup reporting process: The feedback and reporting system needs to be setup for a project to progress smoothly. Management needs to have a timetable for reporting. It could be scheduled to be weekly or fortnightly. The details that are required to be included in the report should also be defined. If a team or a member of the team has experienced difficult ies in similar situations before, then the manager should set up a schedule for interim report so that particular task can be scrutinized and problems averted before they occur.Communicate completion expectations: The completion expectations can change during the course of the project, but they need to be discussed and communicated to all the concerned personnel. During staff meetings, get a grasp on the situation and communicate the final goal to the teams.Have a realistic view: One should be realistic about schedules and deliveries. Remember your team is comprised of humans and there is only so much that they can do within a given time. So it is imperative that management sets realistic goals that are achievable. There are many components to completing a project and if any one goes wrong then it has a domino effect on the entire project. Such eventualities need to be built into expectations to avoid excessive pressure on the team that may be detrimental to their motivation and dis appointing for the management.Keep your team motivated: For a project to be completed successfully and in time, employee motivation is a very important factor. To keep the employees motivated, offering incentives for work completed in time and keeping expectations within realistic limits is important. Employees are motivated when they are not too hard pressed to deliver and are given a certain amount of freedom during work. As long as the goal are being delivered and the project is on time, you should not put on too much pressure.Avoid micromanagement: One of the biggest mistakes managers can make is to micromanage a project. It is detrimental for the project as well as the employees. A lot of time is wasted in reporting back on the smallest detail and employees feel that their skill and competency is being undermined.Involve all the team members in setting the expectations: When setting employee expectation, all the team members from the managers to the mechanic should be involved so they can have a say in the process and are informed about what the management expects of them and how it is to be achieved. No employee is too inconsequential in a project, as each one has a role to play and hence, each one should be involved.Ask questions to get clarifications: Don’t hesitate to ask questions about things that you are unable to grasp. It is better to ask than to begin the task in doubt or confusion and do it wrong, wasting time effort and money.Help in facilitating the job and removing obstacles: The role of a manager is to remove obstacles and keep the team moving forward smoothly. It is the job of the management to find the resources to get the project completed.A project manager constantly walks the tight rope between the top management or the client and the employees entrusted with the task of executing the project. But if you keep the above points in your mind while handling a project, then you will have a smooth ride up to the end.PITFALLS OF NOT SETTING EXPECTATIONSNot setting expectations has its own shortcomings. Employees and worker need to have a knowledge of what is expected of them, it gives them a direction to work towards. Hence, it is essential that functions, tasks and responsibilities be assigned at the earliest and the expectations be conveyed clearly. Lack of expectation can often lead to:Confusion: Lack of expectations leads to confusion as the team doesn’t know what to do, how to do, and when to do. Also they have no clue of what is expected of them.Poor Work Quality: When there is no expectation defined, the employees will often deliver poor quality work. As they have no standards to maintain nor are they held accountable for their work.Time Wasting: It often leads to confusion as there is no plan to follow and people do not know what to do next. There are no priorities or sequence to follow and often leads to doing the wrong work or not doing it properly so that it has to be done again.Inefficiency: When there i s no expectation communicated, people do what they want and however they want. Causing inefficiency and inconsistency.Employee Disinterest and Disengagement: Working aimlessly with nothing productive in sight leads to disinterest and apathy towards the job. Having no measurable goals or direction leads to disengagement.CONCLUSIONWhile setting expectations, it is best to keep it under restrain, though it may seem like a good strategy to have high expectations, in reality it is not, as inability to deliver can cost you dearly. It leads to lack of self-worth and a sense of failure, neither of which are good for your self-confidence or performance. What is more important is to be flexible with the expectations and adjust according to the situation. You may raise the bar or lower it as time passes and the situation becomes clearer.Sometimes it is good to have a chain of results that might ensue from the success or failure of a project. This helps you to gauge the expectations and help to rationalize. Expectation does not restrict itself to just a few aspects of a project, it is an interconnected chain of events and results. This chain needs to be examined and each link studied to measure the real impact of expectations.

The Metamorphosis of Guy Montag Essay - 2184 Words

Ray Bradbury originally wrote his novel, Fahrenheit 451, as an indictment against the censorship evident during the McCarthy era of America, and it has since become one of the few modern science fiction books that can be considered a classic. The adulation of this novel is due to its plethora of symbols, metaphors, and character development. Bradburys character development is singularly impressive in this book because he shows the evolution of the main character, Guy Montag, from book-burner to living-book (Johnson 111). His maturity is displayed by his growing understanding of the world in which he lives and by seeing the flaws in his society. Bradbury illustrates Montags metamorphosis with him changing from a mindless burning drone†¦show more content†¦(Watt 41). Bradbury reinforces this contrast by causing Mildred to relate only to the subject of herself, while Clarisses favorite subject is other people. When Montag meets the Mechanical Hound, he discovers that it is a de ad beast, [a] living beast (Bradbury 24). Donald Watt describes it as a striking and sinister gadget and it is most terrifying for being both alive and not alive (41; Huntington 113). The Hound becomes Montags particular mechanical enemyÂ…[and it] becomes more suspicious of him as time passes and Montag develops a greater freedom from his society (Johnson 112). Thus, Montag is thrust into the realization that his culture is not flawless, but instead is rife with abuses of human freedoms. The final catalyst that convinces Montag that creativity is not to be destroyed is his last job as a fireman. He is taken to an old womans house, and he finds hundreds of books that fell like slaughtered birds when the suddenly odious firefighters walked among them (Bradbury 35-6). Montag feels the womans presence in the house; he feels her accusations, and he suddenly feels guilty about his actions. 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These words sum up the beginning character of Montag; heRead MoreFahrenheit 451; 3 Characters That Helped Montag Change790 Words   |  4 PagesFahrenheit 451: 3 characters who helped Montag change into a different person People’s actions and their individual perceptions can influence and develop change in another person’s character. In Fahrenheit 451, by Ray Bradbury, the main character, Guy Montag, makes a complete metamorphosis with the help from his neighbor Clarisse, his wife Mildred, and his boss Beatty. In the beginning of the novel, he despised the whole idea of reading, had no thoughts or questions about his life, and was justRead MoreFahrenheit 4511345 Words   |  6 Pagesthe protagonist, Guy Montag. At first, Montag takes pleasure in his profession as a fireman, burning illegally owned books and the homes of their owners. However, Montag soon begins to question the value of his profession and, in turn, his life. 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It is because of his profession heRead MoreFahrenheit 451 - Power of Books1470 Words   |  6 PagesTHE POWER OF BOOKS ESSAY Guy Montag’s â€Å"crime against society†, was that he understood the power of books. Fahrenheit 451 (1953), written by Ray Bradbury depicts a dystopian society which, due to the absence of books, discourages intellect and punishes free-will. As receptacles of knowledge, books give human beings a unique power, as they encourage and nurture intellect and understanding. The intellectual metamorphosis that Montag undergoes renders him aware of this fact, making him anRead MoreAnalysis Of Fahrenheit 451 During The Cold War2348 Words   |  10 PagesAndrea Aggarao Mrs.Thunell English II Honors 7 April 2016 Guy Montag’s Transformation Throughout Fahrenheit 451 Ray Bradbury wrote his novel, Fahrenheit 451, during the Cold War. Although he initially wanted to warn people about the danger that technology can greatly affect a society and community for the worst, Bradbury s novel was interpreted as commentary for censorship at the time he was writing the novel. His use of many examples of reality was thought to emphasize this point. Even so, theRead MoreFire Does More Than Burn1943 Words   |  8 PagesSet in the 24th century, Fahrenheit 451 tells the story of Guy Montag. At first Montag loves his job as a fireman, burning illegally owned books and the homes of their owners. However, Montag soon begins to question the value of his profession and. Throughout the novel Montag struggles with his existence, eventually running from his oppressive, censored society and joining an underground network of intellectuals. With his new friends, Montag witnesses the destruction of his city and dedicates himself

Business Research - 786 Words

Business Research Ethics University Of Phoenix RES/351 PA12BSB01 Instructor: Dr. Jay Deb Workshop/ Week No.: 2 September 4, 2012 Business Research Ethics â€Å"Many patients volunteer for research in the hope that the knowledge generated will benefit others. When a company deceives them into volunteering for a useless study, it cynically exploits their good will, undermining the cause of legitimate research everywhere (Elliot, 2011).† Last year, the Archives of Internal Medicine published a scornful re-evaluation of a 12-year-old research study of Neurontin. Neurontin is a seizure drug made by Pfizer. This particular research included more than 2,700 subjects and was carried out by Parke-Davis which is now a part of†¦show more content†¦According to Elliot the litigation documents showed that this study was conducted by Merck’s Marketing Department. How can studies that cause danger to human subjects draw so little attention? The answer is given to us by Elliot (2011). He says, â€Å"In an age of for-profit clinical research, this is the new face of scandal. Pharmaceutical companies promote their drugs with pseudo-studies that have little if any scientific merit, and patients naively sign up, unaware of the ways in which they are being used. Nobody really knows how often companies conduct such trials, but they appear with alarming regularity in pharmaceutical marketing documents.† In the past most research studies were conducted in academic settings. Due to the costs of such studies, pharmaceutical companies realized that it would be faster and less expensive to conduct trials in a more private setting. The outcomes for these studies are not for knowledge but for profit. This unethical approach to research studies should be identified and put to an end. Research subjects should be protected and acknowledged for their courage to partake in such studies not be forgotten. The main source of protection for research subjects is a patchwork system of ethics committees known as institutional review boards, or I.R.B.’s (Elliot, 2011). To ensure that research studies are ethically sound the I.R.B., a small, federally empowered group, reviews researchShow MoreRelatedBusiness Research : Business And Management Research1396 Words   |  6 PagesBusiness Research Assignment 1 ‘Business and management research is a systematic inquiry that helps to solve business problems and contributes to management knowledge. It is an applied research.’ (Wiki) According to Easterby-Smith (2008), business and management research focuses on four factors: - Information access is very important for managers. It makes competitive advantage for them, especially in the era of information technology. - Managers need information produced by the classical researchRead MoreBusiness Research1332 Words   |  6 PagesBusiness Research Method RES/320 Business Research Methods Chapter 7: 2. How do data from qualitative research differ from data in quantitative research? The difference in data from qualitative research and data from quantitative research is found in their root words, quality and quantity. Qualitative research data is the opinions of a certain group. This research also captures the why, would, and how the target audience react to certain issues, situationsRead MoreBusiness Research Methods1575 Words   |  7 PagesBusiness Research Methods Ââ€" BU2S01 2006/7 Academic Season Assignment 1 Cut off date: Friday, 15th December 2006 You are required to evaluate the in terms of purposes, audiences and general strengths and weaknesses. The essay will account for 40% of the overall mark. Indicative word count: 1500 words. Note that you will need to submit your coursework to the Business School reception by 12pm (noon). Research Ââ€" an investigation involving the process of enquiry and discoveryRead MoreA Research Study On Business Research2469 Words   |  10 PagesCHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 1. Introduction Business research is considered as a truth seeking function that collects, analyses and reports information which enables decision makers to become more effective in their decision making (Alvesson and Deetz, 2000). Conducting primary research is inevitable as far as the aim of this research is concerned. However it is vital that the right kind of methodology be adopted which helps the researcher to achieve the research aim properly. In the selectionRead MoreResearch of Restaraunt for Business Research Essay2399 Words   |  10 PagesTable of Contents Introduction 3 Research Objectives 3 Research Questions 4 Answers to Research Questions 5 Answer to Research Question 1. 5 Answer to Question 2. 6 Answer to Question 3. 7 Answer to Question 4. 8 Answer to Question 5. 9 Answer to Question 6. 10 Recommendations for the Remington’s Restaurant 11 References 14 Introduction The Remington restaurant, located in Tampa Florida, wanted to better understand their customer’s views and opinions of the restaurantRead MoreBusiness Research Design5304 Words   |  22 Pagesï » ¿BUSINESS RESEARCH DESIGNS Topics to be covered Business Research Design : Exploratory, Descriptive Causal Research Exploratory Research: Meaning, suitability, collection, hypothesis formulation Descriptive Research: Meaning, Types of Descriptive studies, data collection methods Causal Research: Meaning, various types of experimental designs, types of errors affecting research design Business Research Design - A research design is a framework or blueprint for conducting the marketingRead MoreApplied Business Research3553 Words   |  15 PagesThe University of Liverpool The Management School Applied Business Research Methods (ULMS515) Research Proposal PROPOSAL TITLE: Supermarket discounts: do they offer genuine benefits or are they â€Å"buying traps† Name: HU LIXIANG Student Number: 200908448 MSc Major: Consumer Marketing 1. Project Title Supermarket discounts: do they offer genuine benefits or are they â€Å"buying traps† 1.1. Introduction Generally speaking, people believe a discount in the supermarket is somethingRead MoreBusiness Research Methods2735 Words   |  11 PagesBUSINESS RESEARCH METHODS Subject: Common problems, issues and constraints faced by business researchers during the Research Process Introduction: Business research involves the systematic and objective process of gathering data and transforming it into useful information. The research process is not confined around a single universal methodology. Infact it differs from one research study to another depending on the purpose of the research, the industry/ sector of the client company concernedRead MoreMarket Research Methods For Business1361 Words   |  6 PagesMarket research methods in business Primary research is data that is gathered first hand from an original source, and has not been collected before. It often involves going out and asking people for information, hence its alternative name field research. Observational research involves watching and observing people’s activities. For example, businesses use cookies on their websites in order to track what pages users are visiting on their website. By using cookies, businesses will be able to knowRead MoreBusiness Research3093 Words   |  13 Pagesfor a last ten-five years literature * key word(s) searching in present I used words such as ‘Globalization†, â€Å"Sustainability, etc. * refining the search on stakeholder theory. I selected articles from journals in ABS (Association of Business Schools) list rated level â€Å"3† and â€Å"4† only. (ABS,2012) During this log I passed some stages: * search literature on the stakeholder theory * review the literature * select articles Google Scholar Thus, my search began with a preference

Report on successful academic piece of writing Free Essays

Introduction This report is aimed to improve the potential of academic writing and skills for students who are writing report on academic lesson or any other academic subjects. There are many Academic writing styles Skills. This report offers useful improving tool for writing Academic piece of writing skills for a successful Piece of academic writing and also develop academic writing and gather knowledge on academic writing for a successful presentation and to build a perfect report. We will write a custom essay sample on Report on successful academic piece of writing or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are few many good writing skills and techniques for developing academic writing skills. Academic writing for a successful presentation can also be said how to write an essay properly. This report or essay will give a demo to the approaches for developing academic writing skills and to know the various steps in the whole process. The approach enables students to engage in academic piece of writing and also allows you to identify your own self identity about your writing and to see the progress towards a finished successful and perfect academic piece of writing. The piece of writing focuses on the following important and beneficial points which are highlighted below: – Identifying and resolving the problems faced during the writing. Giving knowledge to know familiar English language structure also helping in required fields needed. Addressing the important points to enhance and improve the academic piece of writing, book notes should be used for writing academic articles. Essays and exams are the main practical test for assessing student’s progress. As a result of these approaches the students can improve their skills and knowledge and try to improve the performance which will result in increasing and raising the level of the student’s confidence. A teacher can also help the student by drawing attention to the different styles of speaking and also different types of writing and improving them to write successful academic piece of writing. There are many writing styles in a language such as english.This also helps in writing reports successfully and also writing styles, writing lessons will be improved. Improving and Developing Academic Writing Skills: – A student can help in improving writing skills by attempting on writing and focusing on the other skills areas. Some of them are as follows and the important ones are highlighted below. For Example – When a student is reading a passage, he should focus on the text or the argument or focus in the grammar section. A teacher can also help the student by drawing attention to the different styles of speaking and also different types of writing and improving them to write successful academic piece of writing. There are many writing styles in a language such as English. These also helps in writing reports successfully and also writing styles, writing lessons will be improved. Academic piece of successful writing helps in writing, using new vocabularies paraphrasing, referencing, paragraph building and against plagiarism. Also includes summarizing, proof writing, cohesion and coherence all these things should be taken in to consideration while writing a Academic piece of successful writing. And another most important point to remember is that after writing an Academic piece of successful writing a student should always check correct his own piece of writing. These are the following important points which should be carefully examined before preparing a successful Piece of academic writing. If these points are not carefully or properly assessed, it’s impossible to make a successful Piece of academic writing. Successful Piece of academic writing requires knowledge in academic. The most important points which are required or very important while writing a successful Piece of academic writing, they are as follows:- Cohesion and coherence Paraphrasing and Summarising Proof Reading Plagiarism Referencing Now all the important points which are essential for writing a successful Piece of academic writing are explained below:- Cohesion and coherence – Cohesion and coherence are very essential skills for students. Cohesion means connection between one word to another by both logically and grammatically. It includes use of synonyms, tenses, verb etc. Coherence means linking arguments and ideas, paragraphs and sentences each other’s its can be easy to understand. Cohesion is the bond that joins a piece of writing together it holds together sentence to sentence and paragraph to paragraph. Paraphrasing and Summarising – Paraphrasing and Summarising is the rewriting texts from original texts to own words. Summary is basically one fourth of the writer views and in this views we select main and essential idea. Paraphrasing maintained meaning and quality of the writer views and it may be same length and extended to original words. It makes sure our views generate sense and reader can understood it. Proof Reading – Proof Reading is the focussing on mistakes of grammatical, punctuation and spelling. It’s the essential part for editing; we should always care about proofread after revision. Proof readers find different into original source to document. Plagiarism – Plagiarism is the serious crime .It involve copying someone else words, wrong information about the source and changing in some words such put the synonym but copying the sentence. It’s a dishonesty our work therefore avoid the plagiarism. Avoid Plagiarism – Always use quotation marks if use writer’s words and should acknowledge every source. When summarise any topic firstly reading the source and always express own ideas. Modify the original source using proper paraphrase. Referencing – Referencing is indicated what source used in topic .There are two parts of referencing- text References and Bibliography of the references. In texts references included writer name, date of publication, or mention website. It is used for acknowledgment and given credit to author. Bibliography is the end list and it is the photocopied material which searching our source. These are the following important points which should be carefully examined before preparing a successful Piece of academic writing. To conclude we must take care of all the points and also should be carefully examined before starting to prepare a successful Piece of academic writing. We should also take help of academic styles, reading books also helps in preparing a perfect report. All the findings and knowledge gathered from other academic writing should be acknowledged with proper referencing. If we take care of all these essential points we can ultimately make a proper academic piece of writing. References taken from:- 1. http://www.studymore.org.uk/gloess.htm. 2. http://www.slideshare.net/malomaths/academic-writing-dit-summary How to cite Report on successful academic piece of writing, Essay examples

The Withered Arm Essay Example

The Withered Arm Essay Two Europeans, Kayerts and Carlier work on an outpost in Africa. They work for a Belgian ivory trading company. The outpost is very isolated, and the men must have their supplies/food delivered by boat. At the station work ten black natives and Makola. He is the storekeeper and lives at the station with his wife. At first Kayerts and Carlier are working very hard. They want to get very rich, but after a while they become lazy. One day, Makola sells the ten African workers as slaves for a lot of ivory. Kayerts and Carlier dont do anything about this deal. /dont try and stop this trade. They accept the fact, that people were traded for ivory. In this situation, you can see that Makola is the real chief/boss of the station. Kayerts and Carlier are too irresponsible/inexperienced, so Makola now runs the outpost. When the natives, living around them, hear of people being traded as slaves, they become scared. They stop supplying the station with food and supplies. Kayerts and Carlier soon suffer from hunger, as the boat which supplies them doesnt come for months. We will write a custom essay sample on The Withered Arm specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Withered Arm specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Withered Arm specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer They/The men become ill and frustrated. At the end of the story they have an argument, that ends tragically. Kayerts accidently kills Carlier because of some sugar he wants to have in his tea. On the next day, before the boat arrives, Kayerts kills himself/commits suicide. 2. This book is both a psychological thriller and a political statement. Written in 1896, Joseph Conrad gives an account of two white traders, Carlier and Kayerts, who are out- posted in Africa at a trading station. Although the Europeans do trade goods, their underlying purpose is to export civilization, from Europe to Africa. Carlier and Kayerts are living in colonial times. England and other European countries have control over Africa. The native people are seen as in need of being civilized. 3. As the steamer that drops them off fades into the distance, Carlier and Kayerts already begin to feel uneasy. Out in the jungle with no other Europeans to support their views about the world, they sense that they are out of their element, and not up to the task they have been assigned. Their predecessor lies.. 4. Summary 5. Kayerts and Carlier are put in charge of a remote and . unpromising trading station on a river. Its previous agent 7. died of fever and his grave, marked by a cross, forms part 8. of the outpost. The director of the trading company, who 9. predicts their failure, leaves them with enough provisions 10. to last for the six months until his envisaged return. Makola, 11. ‘a civilized nigger’ who lives with his family on the outpost, 12. is responsible for the acquisition and storage o f ivory and is 13. in charge of the ten black men working (not very effectively) 14. at the post. The other group of natives, ‘Father’ Gobila’s 15. people, are friendly and provide the station with local 16. supplies. When a group of fierce-looking black strangers 17. appears in the compound, Makola behaves very strangely 18. and makes clandestine arrangements to sell the ten station 19. men to the strangers in return for six beautiful tusks that 20. are deposited in the yard. It gradually dawns on Kayerts 21. and Carlier that they have become involved in a terrible 22. crime, but after discarding their initial pangs of guilt are 23. omforted by the thought of lucrative commissions on the 24. ivory. The steamer is late, their provisions are running low 25. and the physical and mental state of the two white men 26. deteriorates rapidly. Demoralized by a quarrel over the last 27. lumps of sugar, they begin to fight, and Kayerts shoots the 28. unarmed Carlier in what he believes to be self-defence. 29. When the steamer finally arrives, the director discovers 30. Kayerts’s body hanging from the cross with his tongue 31. disrespectfully stuck out at him. Withered arm In a novel structured around contrasts, the main opposition is between Swithin St Cleeve and Lady Viviette Constantine, who are presented as binary figures in a series of ways: aristocratic and lower class, youthful and mature, single and married, fair and dark, religious and agnostic†¦she [Lady Viviette Constantine] is also deeply conventional, absurdly wishing to conceal their marriage until Swithin has achieved social status through his scientific work, which gives rise to uncontrolled ironies and tragic-comic misunderstandings (Harvey 108). | †| Hardy’s stories take into onsideration the events of life and their effects. Fate plays a significant role as the thematic basis for many of his novels. Characters are constantly encountering crossroads, which are symbolic of a point of opportunity and transition. Far From the Madding Crowd tells a tale of liv es that are constructed by chance. â€Å"Had Bathsheba not sent the valentine, had Fanny not missed her wedding, for example, the story would have taken an entirely different path. †[13] Once things have been put into motion, they will play out. Hardys characters are in the grips of an overwhelming fate. [edit] Poetry Thomas Hardy was born and grew up near Dorchester in the county town of Dorset. Dorset was the inspiration of most of his work although he did include areas such as Devon, Somerset, Cornwall, Hampshire, Wiltshire, Berkshire and Oxfordshire. Various stories written by Thomas Hardy have been based, borrowed and enhanced from experiences told to many generations of the Hardy family. The areas the stories are set around are a fictional country called Wessex, based on the area he lived up in. By setting the stories in an area well known to Hardy he is able to go into detail, but also make them sound as realistic as possible. Hardy even uses the regional dialect to bring his stories to life and make the reader think they are there. By locating the stories in the countryside, Hardy gives the stories a slower, more relaxed way of life, with different values to those illustrating inner city life. The countryside generally consists of a closer network of people compared to the city life, because of the smaller more involved community, people may care more of what other individuals think of them which generates the different values, principles and morals. From the story, The Withered Arm, I have chosen to investigate the character, Rhoda Brook. In the story, Rhoda plays an interesting character, motivated by her initial jealously towards other people. Rhodas character is one that develops throughout the story. Hardy lets his readers imagine what Rhoda looks like as he gives little description of her physical appearance. He does state that she is tall from the quote, aâ‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦and if shes tall as tall as I taken from page 2. He also reveals she has dark eyes, a quote from page 5 follows Her eyes, then, are not dark like mine? This can be perceived in two slightly different ways. The obvious first is that of a physical feature. The second less apparent characteristic is of a devious, manipulative and possibly scheming aspect, perhaps based on her own personality. It is clear that Rhoda does not have the choice to work or not, and, later it becomes apparent that she lives on her own with her son, who is around the age of twelve. Rhoda is determined to ensure that her son admires her. His personal view of his mother is important to her; she may feel threatened by Farmer Lodges new wife and this maybe the reason why she sent her son out to see what she looks like. This inflicts a shallow, insecure view of herself, in that she believes physical characteristics are more significant than personality. As a mother it is important to Rhoda to protect her son from any idol gossip he may hear about her from the village where they live. This is possibly why they moved away. However, at the beginning of the story when the milking maids were talking about Rhoda and Framer Lodge she did not seem too worried about what other people thought of her. She wishes to keep her son away from anything that may encourage him to resent her. Rhodas relationship towards the male characters in the story is barely existent. Rhoda avoids conversation with most males. This may have something to do with past experiences; perhaps she had been hurt from previous relationships and now avoids any contact with the opposite sex. She possesses a great amount of hatred towards Farmer Lodge this may be, for not accepting or acknowledging her sibling on the account of their failed relationship. The only positive relationship Rhoda has with a male character in the story is her son, Jamie. The first impressions of Rhoda are noticeably different to the ones found whilst looking into her character more intensely. My personal first impressions of her were of a woman driven by jealously and the need to be in control of every situation. However, looking further into her disposition she simply has an insecure view of situations. To outside people she may come across as a strong character, though deep down, she is more emotional than the male characters in the story. Rhoda rarely involves herself with any conversation, however she is respectful towards other people, though on occasions she does misinterpret situations, which may be looked upon as disrespectful. This can be interpreted from the pages 9 to 10, where upon Gertrude appears at Rhodas house from some boots from her son. By the way Rhoda acts towards Gertrude implies to the reader that she is jealous and embarrassed, as she cannot provide for her own offspring. Another reason why Rhoda may have come across as disrespectful to Gertrude is because of her own fear of her son rejecting her. Within the small community in which Rhoda lives, other women view Rhoda as an outcast. From the beginning of the story in the cow dairy Thomas Hardy makes it clear to the reader that Rhoda is not very involved with local gossip and that perhaps she lacks communication with other people. An example of this is at the start in the dairy, when there is much conversation going on about Farmer Lodge, Rhoda does not get involved. This is reiterated when members of the cow dairy begin to talk about Rhoda behind her back. Rhoda makes no effort to confront these comments and presumably carries on with her work. Rhoda barely goes into her local parish and market, and usually sends her son to do any odd jobs for her. She says to him on page 2, I shall send you for a few things to marketaâ‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦ Rhoda and her son, also live considerably far away from the market, this was taken from, aâ‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦your house is the nearest outside our own parish. This may imply that Rhoda and her son live in the middle of two different parishes, or perhaps she does not live within a parish, both these suggestions cause difficulties for Rhoda if ever she wanted to be more involved with community events. Rhodas quirky character varies a lot, from other females that live within the network where she lives and works. However I feel there is a strong connection between Rhoda and Gertrude, in that they are both strong outcasts in the co mmunity. Event though much they may dispute it, their characters are very alike. The narrative viewpoint differs from each story. The Sons Veto and The Withered Arm are written by using an omniscient narrator, which is a use of narrator that is not a character within the story. Whereas, Tony Kytes the Arch Deceiver uses first person narrative. 1st person narrative is when the story is told by one of the characters point of view. This may seem more friendly and authentic because of the use of the local regional dialect. However by using one character to explain the story we can only experience and explore their feelings and point of view, which gives a biased and perhaps fiction analysis over situations. The omniscient style of narrative sees everything, which gives an unbiased view of what is happening in the story they are more truthful and factual then the use of a 1st person narrative. Depending on the different personalities of the readers influences the way they read and interpret different styles of writing. To some people omniscient narrative encourages them to sympathise towards particular characters, as they are aware of everything that is happening and all the different feelings from the characters are expressed, generated and articulated. However other readers may feel that because all the feelings of all the characters are expressed they are basic and therefore find it difficult sympathise and relate to any of the characters. 1st person narrative only gives the viewpoint from one character, this may encourage the reader to sympathise with the character telling the story as it persuades them that they are involved in the story, as the character is talking directly to them. However certain people may find it hard to sympathise with this style of writing as it may promote the curiosity of how other characters are feeling and as a consequence may cause the reader to reject the character telling the story. This can be related to the story, Tony Kytes the Arch Deceiver as the story ends we begin to feel a great amount of anxiety towards Tony because of the way he treats Milly. We do not sympathise with Tony. Whilst comparing and contrasting these stories I have noticed similarities and differences between them. Each character has strong and weak points about their personality. Rhoda is weak because she doesnt want to get hurt, Sophy is weak because she moved away from her village to avoid public mockery and Milly is weak for accepting Tonys marriage proposal knowing that she wasnt his first choice. However Rhoda is strong because she does not care what people think about her, she tends to rise above gossip also she is a single mother and has raised her child on her own. Sophy is strong because she has carried on living her life despite what happened to her after her accident. Milly is also strong because she has shown that despite how Tony has treated her she has stood up and shown she loves him by saying she will marry him. Rhoda and Sophy have learnt to put other people before themselves because each of them have children this may encourage them to be less selfish and learn to accept they cannot have everything in life. These two characters are different to the image and role of women during Hardys time. All the women have experienced failed relationships by the lack of commitment. Each of the women has become second best and has not experienced true love because of this. Sophy made sacrifices for her son, Rhoda has become second best to Gertrude and Milly was third best to Unity and Hannah. All the characters are perhaps viewed negatively by the local community. The character I respect the most is Rhoda because of her out going personality and the fact does not care what people think of her. In this essay I have investigated three main characters from the stories, The Withered Arm, Tony Kytes the Arch Deceiver and The Sons Veto. From this I have been able to identify any differences and similarities between the characters. The different female roles Hardy has explored through these short stories are realistic and believable, fore the particular time he has chosen to set them in. He has written about different situations and chosen carefully the types of personalities his characters will have. H. employs specific narrative techniques: he established historical distance Adopted a narrative technique called intradiegetical discourse which deploys an alternative internal narrator to the task of telling the tale. (local Historian, old surgeon,) He is master of this mode of discourse Narration structure: The withered Arm Essay Example The withered Arm Paper Referring in detail to 2 short stories that you have read, explain what makes them examples of a good short story The two stories I have chosen to examine in detail, in order to show that these are good examples of short stories are The Withered Arm and The Superstitious Mans Story. Thomas Hardy wrote both short stories around the year 1914. Thomas Hardys The Withered Arm and The Superstitious Mans Story are both excellent examples of short stories because they both have interesting beginnings and dont spend a long time setting the scene. This helps you understand the story and enjoy the content of the books. The Withered Arm has a tightly structured plot, the three main characters are quickly established and the plot is based around magic, superstition to create a sense of fear with a tragic outcome. The Withered Arm is set at a milking farm with milkmaids chatting about Farmer Lodge returning back with his new bride (Gertrude Lodge), He do bring home his bride tomorrow, I hear. Gertrude Lodge visits a milkmaid called Rhoda Brooks in a dream where Rhoda ends up grabbing tight grip of Gertrudes arm in a tight grip and all of a sudden waking up. We will write a custom essay sample on The withered Arm specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The withered Arm specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The withered Arm specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Gertrude later becomes good friends with Rhoda Brooks and showed Rhoda the problem with her arm, she uncovered her left hand and arm: and their outline confronted Rhodas gaze as the exact original of the limb she had beheld and sized in her dream. Rhoda and her son left town because Rhoda understood why and how it got there. Gertrude got worried and went to get help of a local man. She was told that for it to be cured she must touch with the limb the neck of a man whos just been hanged. Afterwards she went to Casterbridge where a hanging was to take place. She next did what she had been told to do and as she was doing so she found that Rhoda and Farmer Lodge were behind her, due to the person who had been hung was Rhoda and Farmer Lodges son. Gertrude was taken to prison and then thrown out on the street where she died three days later. There are a small number of characters in The Withered Arm the three main characters are as follows: Farmer Lodge, Rhoda Brook and Gertrude Lodge (Farmer Lodges new bride). Farmer Lodge is a very busy man who runs the farm and sells his goods from it; he has recently got married to Gertrude and are both happily settling down to married life. Rhoda Brook is a woman who lives in a cottage near by the farm and works for Farmer Lodge, milking cows. She had a son to Farmer Lodge who rejected him and Rhoda Brook. Gertrude Lodge is Farmer Lodges new bride. She is new to the area and makes friends with Rhoda Brook and her son within the story. She is obviously unaware of Farmer Lodge and Rhoda Brooks past relationship. The story The Withered Arm starts with a few milkmaids chatting about Farmer Lodges new bride. Though they say shes a rosy cheeked tisty toasty little body enough. This gives you a description of Farmer Lodges new bride using adjectives. It also only spends a short time setting the scene, It was an eighty-cow dairy, and the troop of milkers, and regular and supernumerary were all at work. Thomas Hardy also describes a lot about Rhoda Brooks cottage using many adjectives and a simile, It was built of mud-walls, the surface of which had been washed by many rains into channels and depressions that left none of the original flat face visible: while here and there in the thatch above the rafter showed like a bone protruding through the skin this descriptive passage adds atmosphere and mood to the story. There is a really good description of Gertrude Lodge when she visits Rhoda in the dream, that young wife, in pale silk dress and white bonnet, but with features shockingly distorted, and wrinkled as by age. This changes the readers perception of Gertrudes character, and also helps establish the character and the plot of the story, thus creating atmosphere for the reader. The story has a mystery and slight-horror side to it, which makes the story interesting and more effective for the reader. This proved to create a powerful atmosphere within the story line, often through a build up of tension and suspense. The effective ending in The Withered Arm is that Gertrude discovers that the hanged person is Farmer Lodge and Rhoda Brookss son. This is known as a twist in the tale. The Superstitious Mans Story has a structured plot with two main characters. The plot is based around midsummer night eve, with a supernatural feature, creating a fear of the unknown and an eerie mood. The Superstitious Mans Story is set at the home of William and his wife who are both the main characters. The Superstitious Mans Story is about a married couple at home on Midsummer Eve, Last night being Old Midsummer Eve. The man William had gone to bed, and his wife who was up finishing the ironing. While she was hard at work William walked downstairs and out of the house without saying a word, no word was said either side, William not being a man given much to speaking, and his wife being occupied with her work. Later she decided to go to bed so she left a note on the door saying Mind and do the door but as she got into bed he was still lying there asleep. The next day she was talking to a friend and her friend said she saw him walking into the church and that this is what people who are soon going to die do on Midsummers Eve. A few days later William dies while sleeping during a lunch break at work. He was seen at the spring where his son had died at the time of his own death. In The Superstitious Mans Story the main character is William because the whole story is based on him and his death. He is said to be a forgetful character in the story by his wife. The other character is Williamss wife, she seems to be playing the typical hardworking housewife, doing the ironing and setting the table for her husband. Her character portrays her to be loyal and loving wife to William. This story is a mystery-based story with a tragic out come at the end. A magic and supernatural feature is present through out the story too, which adds more apprehension to the story. The Superstitious Mans Story starts by telling you information in relation to the main character. William, as you may know, you could feel when he came near ee. The story seems to start right in the middle of the story and makes the reader feel as if the reader is eavesdropping on a private conversation, making the reader want to hear and read more. There is also a brilliant description of William at the start of the story, this tells the reader almost everything he/she needs to know about the character in only a few words. This adds to the story giving you a quick insight into the main character. The story starts by giving clues away that the plot is linked to death, hed not known of the bell go so heavy in his hand for years and he feared it meant a death in the parish this gives an eerie mood to the story suggestive of something sinister about to happen. There is a build up of tension when we find out his boots are still at the stairs even though hes just left the house, to her great surprise, and might I say alarm, on reaching the foot of the stairs his boots were standing there as they always stood when the had gone to rest. This is effective because this moves on the story by the build up of tension. When Williamss wife finds him asleep there is a good example of a simile, as sound as a rock. At the end when William actually dies his fellow-mower saw a miller-moth come from his mouth and fly straight away. The effective ending in The Superstitious Mans Story is that William actually dies and his spirit is seen at a different place at the time of his death. The miller moth is a sign of death and is his spiritual presence. I enjoyed reading both of these stories due to them both being written by the same author, Thomas Hardy. Both stories were based on the same style, Thomas Hardy using imagery and description to create various effects. They both had good examples of adjectives and similes within them and good story structures. The mood of both stories was eerie and sinister, suggesting something serious was about to happen. The Withered Arm Essay Example The Withered Arm Paper In this essay I am going to try my best to answer the question Who do you think is to blame for the tragedy of The Withered Arm? I will attempt to include as much information and reasons to whom I think is to be blamed and why. I will try to justify these reasons with various quotes and descriptions by referring to the text. Thomas Hardy was born in 1840 and died in 1825. He was a great novelist who wrote many famous novels such as Mayor of Casterbridge and Far From The Madding Crowd. These novels are now known for being classic literature. Most of the novels he wrote were depressing and ironic. The Withered Arm is one of many Thomas Hardy short novels, it is set in the late 1800s in a village called Holmstoke that has a small rural community of mostly milkmaids. There are three main characters in this novel they consist of: Farmer Lodge; a wealthy and respected man, who is well known for his good reputation. Also there is Rhoda Brook; a not so wealthy woman and less fortunate than Farmer Lodge with a reputation of being a witch. Lastly there is also Gertrude Lodge; she is Farmer Lodges new wife. .. They say shes rosy-cheeked, titsy-totsy little body enough. We will write a custom essay sample on The Withered Arm specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Withered Arm specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Withered Arm specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This indicates that she is a pretty woman with a perfect body. In opposition Rhoda isnt very popular with the other workers she is described as A thin, fading woman of thirty milked somewhat apart from the rest. This emphasies that although she has been there for many years people still dont like her. The relationship between Farmer Lodge and Gertrude is that they are a newly married couple in the village that are madly in love with each other, Farmer Lodge literally worships Gertrude. All eyes were fixed upon her This quotation gives a vision of a new, young beauty walking through a public place and everybodys eyes follow her up the street. Farmer Lodge is always gloating and saying how beautiful she is: The well-to-do Farmer Lodge came nearly last; and his young wife, who accompanied him, walked up the aisle with the shyness natural to a modest woman who had appeared thus for the first time. This shows us that Farmer Lodge did this on purpose so heand Gertrude would become centre of attention because they are the most popular and talked about couple, also this would make everyone notice how pretty Gertrude is. Rhoda Brook and Farmer Lodge had a relationship in the past, which then ends when Rhoda falls pregnant. Rhoda would have become an outcast of the society having brought some shame and embarrassment not only for her, but for Farmer Lodge as well for having a baby outside of marriage. Also Farmer Lodge could not take the humiliation of him having a relationship with a lower class lady, who is just a milkmaid. A while after their relationship Farmer Lodge meets Gertrude; they fall madly in love and get married but does poor Gertrude know what shes got herself into? Farmer Lodge has been lying to Gertrude and has kept a secret about his past relationship and the fact that he has a son. The basic gist of the story is that Rhoda Brook becomes extremely jealous of Gertrude and her beauty; she is always thinking about her as a result Rhoda starts to envy Gertrude and hatred is caused. Rhoda has a dream, in which she saw Gertrude as an old ugly woman: .. with features shockingly distorted, and wrinkled as by age.. I think this reflects Rhodas feelings about Gertrude very well because, as we already know she is jealous of her beauty and she has created Gertrude to look like this to calm and reassure herself because Rhoda knows she is losing her looks. This dream causes Gertrudes arm some terrible pain the morning after the reason for this being is that Rhoda dreamt of her grabbing Gertrudes arm and swinging her .. Swung out her right hand, seized the confronting spectre by its obtrusive left arm, and whirled it backwards to the floor.. The arm becomes worse and it comes to a point when Gertrude is desperate for a cure but cannot find one. In the meantime, Farmer Lodges love slowly drifts as her arm withers towards the end and she discovers that the only cure is to put her arm onto a hanged mans neck as told by Conjurer Trendle. In The Withered Arm there are many tragedies but the main one is of course, Gertrudes withered arm. It was the one that was shocking and disturbing especially towards Rhoda and Gertrude. With Rhodas witchcraft powers she wonders if it was actually her who caused the withered arm. There was a supernatural force to this tragedy and it was unavoidable to Rhoda. Rhoda only had the dream because she envied Gertrude If the sweet and kindly Gertrude Lodge only knew of the dream-scene in the bed-chamber, what would she think? This quote emphasises that Rhoda was feeling guilty about having such an evil dream and that after meeting Gertrude she realised that she is a good person. Tragedy is the main theme of the novel and it symbolises an event that is usually bad, which ends in a dramatic way, which is often unexpected. Tragedies can be caused by peoples actions or decisions, which can have unpleasant effects, and it could have been avoided if people took more care and consideration in one anothers actions. A tragedy can lead to an un-happy life. Blame is also a keyword in this novel because it provokes guilt and regret, which is exactly the feeling of Farmer Lodge especially, towards the end of the novel but also towards Rhoda. Blame means to be held responsible or being the cause of something. To be blamed means holding someone guilty for something theyve done wrong, or in some cases theyve done nothing wrong. However, sometimes things can go wrong and someone needs to blame a person, even if it is not their fault, just to rest their minds. To be blamed for something can give someone a bad reputation. I believe that Farmer Lodge is to be held responsible for the tragedy; firstly because he left Rhoda whilst she was pregnant with his child. Secondly; He married Gertrude and finally; Farmer Lodges love for Gertrude fading. If he had never left Rhoda then I think she would never have put some kind of a curse on Farmer Lodge and Gertrude would not have been affected by it. I do not feel sympathetic for Farmer Lodge because he was the main cause of the tragedy and he started all the troubles before realising the consequences. I think Farmer Lodge should have told Gertrude about his past relationship because I think Gertrude would understand and she wouldnt be worried about his past relationship because she is convinced that Farmer Lodge is in love with her. Also she would be happy of the fact that Farmer Lodge hasnt been keeping any lies from her and that he is being truthful. In my opinion Farmer Lodge to me is a cold hearted man towards Gertrude and his son Oh no. He hant spoke to Rhoda Brook for years. This expresses that he hadnt only spoken to them for a long time but he also did not care for Rhoda and their son. Farmer Lodge loved Gertrude for her looks and that she was younger than he was. The woman whom he had wooed for her grace and beauty . Having a beautiful younger wife made Farmer Lodge feel good and look good about himself; he wanted to show the community that he is still capable of attracting a pretty woman no matter what the past. Farmer Lodge is a vein man, appearance and reputation is very important to him. When Gertrudes arm started to wither it became obvious that Farmer Lodge started to dislike her because he thought she was losing her beauty it also made Gertrude depressed because she realised that her arm was making her less attractive and that Farmer Lodge was not showering her with love as he usually did .. Mr and Mrs Lodges married experience sank into prosiness, and worse. The farmer was usually gloomy and silent Six years of marriage and only a few months of love Towards the end of the novel, we discover two more tragedies that have a disturbing impact on all three characters. By this time we know that Gertrude has become desperate and very impatient of finding a cure for her arm. When she goes to visit Conjurer Trendle, he tells her the only cure is to place her arm on a hanged mans neck, although she is a bit hesitant as to what she has to do, Gertrude is still determined to give it a try She started a little at the image he had raised.. Little did innocent Gertrude know that the person she is using to cure her disfigment is Rhodas son who was hung because he was accused of arson. Soon after Gertrude realised who it was she could not take the stress and she became ill; physically and mentally. The shock of everything that had happened to her caused her to die. When Gertrude and Rhodas son both died, I think thats when Farmer Lodge became softer and sensitive. He felt guilty for everything he did to Rhoda and how he treated both Rhoda and Gertrude. He left his money to a boys charity and gave some to Rhoda so that she could manage on her own. Burdened at first with moodiness and remorse, he eventually changed for the better, and appeared as a chastened and thoughtful man. To conclude this essay I have decided that Farmer Lodge is responsible for all the tragedies that occurred within The Withered Arm. He should not have left Rhoda bringing up their child on her own without any support. Farmer Lodge leaving Rhoda made her become curious and jealous when he re-married to Gertrude, as a result this feeling caused Rhoda to have a dream. Gertrude was affected because it caused her arm to gradually wither until it came to a point when the arm was cureless by any ointment or medication. If Farmer Lodge had been a good father and frequently helped his son and Rhoda out with financial difficulties maybe no tragedies would occur and everything would have been normal. Gertrude died of not having the satisfaction of a cured arm and being loved and feeling beautiful again. I think Gertrude did not deserve to have a difficult and miserable life. She was an innocent and kindhearted woman who was just madly in love with her newly wed husband. The withered Arm Essay Example The withered Arm Paper Trace the developing relationship between Rhoda Brook and Gertrude Lodge. How does Thomas Hardy use the supernatural to engage the readers interest, build up tension and keep the story going? The Withered Arm is set in 1888 in a place called Wessex now known as Devon. It is set in a typically English rural location, mainly farms and small cottages for farm workers. There are two main characters; Rhoda Brook a milkmaid and Gertrude Lodge newly married to local landlord Farmer Lodge. Back then everybody knew each other and so knew everybodys business. Men are more respected and did all of the work whilst the women stayed at home and did the house work. If women were single they lived with their parents or on their own in a cottage. If the had a child whilst out of wedlock then they were frowned upon by society and were very much disrespected by everybody else. When we are first told about Rhoda Brook she is portrayed as a woman in her early thirties who hasnt aged to well. She is a milkmaid working on a farm for most hours of the day not having much time to rest. We will write a custom essay sample on The withered Arm specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The withered Arm specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The withered Arm specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer She has a twelve-year-old son although she isnt married and we dont find out the identity of the father until the end of the story. Rhoda lives in a small cottage, built out of mud blocks, on the side of a hill. Gertrude Lodge is introduced as a young and very pretty. She is described as very lady-like and rather short. We first meet Gertrude when she is travelling back from her wedding to Farmer Lodge. She comes across as a very caring person noticing a young boy carrying a heavy load. When we are next told about Gertrude she is at the church and seems very shy about being in front of so many people. She is more nervous because she is wearing a dress that makes a noise against the pew. Thomas Hardy links the two characters firstly by Rhodas son. Gertrude helps him out giving him shoes and generally looking out for him. Then before Rhoda has actually met Gertrude she has a dream. It involves Gertrude and Rhoda. In the dream Rhoda is in bed, Gertrude is above her and Rhoda feels pressure coming down on her. Rhoda is finding hard to breath so she lashes out, grabbing the illusion of Gertrudes arm. She throws it to the floor and as she does so awakens. Rhoda could still Feel her antagonists arm within her grasp even now. However when she looks on the floor Gertrude is nowhere to be seen. Hardy first introduces the supernatural in to the story when Gertrude and Rhoda travel to meet Conjuror Trendle. Gertrude has a problem on her right arm that is in the shape of a hand. Gertrude has heard about what the Conjuror can do and she thinks he can help her. When they get there they are very surprised (well at least Gertrude is) to be told that mark on her arm is that of an enemy and is not easily cured. Medicine cant cure it Tis the work of an enemy. The conjuror then goes on to say that if Gertrude wishes to know the identity enemy is then she should go inside with him alone. Once inside he makes a solution in a glass and tells Gertrude to stare into it. Gertrude is amazed by whom she sees in the glass but we arent told whom it is, making the reader want to read on. After Conjuror Trendle Gertrude doesnt visit Rhoda any more in fact she severs all links with the woman. After six years the condition of Gertrudes arm has worsened and it has affected her marriage to Farmer Lodge. The woman who he had wooed for her grace and beauty was now contorted and disfigured Gertrude decides that she will go and visit Conjuror Trendle again. She travels on her own and doesnt tell her husband what she is doing. The Conjuror gives her a remedy that is guaranteed to work. She must go and touch the bloody neck of a man who has just been hanged and cut down! Hardy first brings the supernatural into the story when he introduces Conjuror Trendle. When Gertrude asks Rhoda about a man whom she has been recommended, she thinks he is a doctor. Rhoda tells her he has powers other folk might have not Gertrude thinks this is stupid but she still goes with Rhoda to visit the man. They go and he suggest that the problem is work of an enemy and is magical. The reader is encouraged to read on because there is an air of mystery about the ailment. The second time that supernatural is brought in to the story is when Gertrude goes to visit the Conjuror again. The conjuror suggests a remedy that is somewhat un-orthodox, she will be magically cured by touching a hanged mans neck. This time the reader wants to read on because they dont know whether Gertrude will go to the gallows to touch the man. The reader doesnt think she will but there is a chance that she will so the reader carries on to find out if she does. In the end Gertrude does decide go to the gallows. She arranges with the hangman, Davies, the night before what will happen the following day. She goes to the prison and touches the body but just as she does so two people come through the door. It is Farmer Lodge and Rhoda; the hanged boy is their son. The trio are deeply shocked, Gertrude by Lodge and Rhoda and Lodge and Rhoda by Gertrude. Rhoda storms over to Gertrude and starts to attack her. She says This is the meaning of what Satan showed me in the vision! She does something to the younger woman and she slides down the wall unconscious. Gertrudes condition was so serious that after a few days she died. Rhoda returns to the village and lives there for many years. There the story ends.